Mortising-machine



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 1. W. BLACK. MORTISING MACHINE.

No. 605,774. Patented June 14,1898.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

W. BLACK. MORTISING MACHINE.

Patented June 14, 1898.

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UNITED STATE-sf PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER BLACK, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

MORTlSlNG-MACHINE.

srnorrrcnrronro min part of Letters Patent No.605,774, dated June 14, 1898.

I 7 Application filed May 29,1897 Serial 1T0. 6558,717 (N model.)

Toallflwh om i t, may concern.- Be it known that I WALTER BLACK, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago,

in the county of Cook and State oflllinois,

have invented certain new anduseful lm-. provements in Mortising-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of machinery which is known as ,mor'tising machinery and which is used, for the purpose of boring or removing material so as to form a substantially rectangular, recess in a plank, board, or similar object; andthe object of my invention is to provide a simple, economical, and efficient machine for cutting or boring rectangular or square holes in timbers, planks,

boards, or similar objects.

The invention consists in the features, combinations, and details of construction hereinafter described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 'is a plan view, looking at it from the top, of one form of machine constructed in accordance with my improvements; Fig. 2, a sectional elevation, taken on line 2 of Fig. 1, when the parts are arranged in a straight line across the bed of the machine; Fig. 3, a sectional elevation of a portion of a machine,taken on line 3 of Fig, 2; Fig. 4:, a sectional view of a portion of a machine, taken on line 4 of Fig. 1; and Fig. 5, an enlarged detail of the oscillating cutting-tool, as hereinafter described.

-In the art to which this invention relates it is well known that the forming of a rectangular recess or what is known as a square hole in a piece of wood, plank, or similar object is very difficult and expensive and that a large number of machines have been designed, some of which have been patented, for the purpose of making such a recess. There are various objections existing in this class of machines, either because of the reason that the bottom of the recess is not substantially square with its sidewalls or that some preliminary steps must be'taken before the piece can be operated on. 1 My invention is in tended toremove these objections by providing a simple, economical, and efficient machine which is capable of boring, in the true sense of the word, a square hole of any desired length and depth and forming the bottom portionv substantially atright angles to the side ofthe end walls of the recess.

' In constructing a machine in accordance with my improvements .1 make a main bed A of the desired size, shape, and strength to hold the'operative parts. Upon this bed I mount two reciprocating slidesB and B, having racks b and b, engaged by a central oscillating gear C, which is made, preferably, in the form of a double segment, though this form is immaterial, as it may be a plain spur gear. To each of these slides are secured cutters D and D in any convenient manner, and which project a considerable distance beyond the slides for the purpose of engaging and operating on the piece of timber M, as shown in Fig; 1. These reciprocating cutters are made in the shape of a straight plane on theirouter sides and provided. with. ratchetshaped cutting edges don their inner sides forthe purpose of cutting and pulling the shavings out of the cut, and thereby prevent clogging. These reciprocating cutters are worked alternately, first cutting into the material at one end of the recess and then at the other end of the recess to the depth of a shaving, the material being fed to the cuttersin the desired manner at each'stroke.

To form the bottom of the recess and remove the bulk of the material, I provide what I term a vibrating'or oscillating cutter E, which has its point or cutter proper, E, pivotally secured thereto at e. The main body of the cutter is mounted in a pivotal or swinging holder G, independently mounted and which has a slotted arm 9 extending to the rear thereof and adapted to be engaged by a bolt g in the lever-arm H, which leverarm also operates the oscillating gear. It will thus be seen that the throw of the cutter lever-arm H being constant the movements of the reciprocating cutters'are always the same, while the position of the engagingbolt g, which secures the slotted arm of the'oscillating cutter-holder to the lever-arm, governs the vibrations of the oscillating or vibrating cutter. For instance, when it is desired to cut a hole in the material as long as possible the reciprocating cutters D and D are moved over in their holding portions 19 of the reciprocating slides as far as possible, andthe en gaging bolt is slid along in the slotted arm g and the slot h on the lever-arm the proper distance from the pivotal center of both of such parts, so as to obtain the desired relative swing of the cutting edge of the vibrating cutter.

To operate the oscillating gear and also the other parts above described, a main drivingshaft I is provided at one end of the machine, having a crank 2', which is connected to a slide 1 by means of a connecting-rod t" and in turn, by means of a connecting-rod 1 with the lever-arm II, so that the rotations of the driving-shaft impart the desired reciprocating and vibratory motions to the cutters.

To feed the plank or board into contact with the cutters when desired, an adjustable table K is provided, having a saddle portion k, mounted on suitable vertical ways the vertical position being secured by means of an adj usting-screw K. A second slide L is provided, which has a movement in the direction toward and away from the cutters and provided with a feed-screw Z and clamp L, which is used to hold the board in position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that it may be fed into engagement with the cutters or removed therefrom, as desired.

The operation of the machine is as follows: The board or plank is placed in position, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, so that the extreme cutting edges of the reciprocatingcutters will mark or cut into the exposed side of the piece the depth of a shaving. The machine is started and. the reciprocations bring the cutters D and D into contact with the material alternately and cut into the same the desired width and depth of one shaving. The vibratory motion being imparted to the cutter E and operating it at right angles to the reciprocating cutters, its cutting edge e digs into the material and removes one shaving to form a preliminary depth of the out. It then moves in the opposite direction, and its opposite cutting edge, which might be c, is tilted, so as to cut the other extreme of the throw, or just far enough to meet the cut of the reciprocating cutter, thus forming a new depth of cut. The board is then fed toward the cutter by means of the feed-screw Z the depth of another cut. The reciprocating cutters mark another shaving, which in turn is cut away by the vibrating cutter, these cuts continuing until the recess m in the plank ill is at the desired depth. In Fig. 1 it will be seen that the cutter D has just marked the depth of a shaving. The vibrating or oscillating cutter is prepared to make a vibration, with its cutting edge e prepared to dig into the woodthat is, it will vibrate from the position shown in Fig. 1, so that its opposite end will be removed from contact with the material and the cutting edge dig into the material a suffieient depth to cut the desired shaving.

The operations of the oscillating or vibrating cutter with its pivotal cutting edge perform a very important function in cutting the shaving. As shown in Fig. 5, the main portion E, or what might be termed the shank of the cutter, is provided with an extending finger c and the cutter is made in the shape of a double right-angular triangle with a central recess, so that when it is swung one side or the other its inner edges e will contact against this extending finger and prevent a further movement, the slight pivotal movement being necessary to remove one edge from cutting and permit the other edge to go into cutting engagement with the material. It will be noticed that the cutters are made with a desired planing edge, so that they will not dig too roughly or deeply into the material, but just deep enough to cut a shaving of the desired thickness.

lVhile I have described my invention with more or less minuteness as regards details and as being embodied in certain precise forms, I do not desire to be limited thereto unduly or any more than is pointed out in the claims. On the contrary, I contemplate all proper changes in form, construction, and arrangement, the omission of immaterial elements, and the substitution of equivalents as circumstances may suggest or necessity render expedient.

I claim- 1. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating slides having racks thereon and arranged to hold projecting cutter portions in line with their motion, an oscillating-gear portion mounted between the same and engaging with the racks on the slide to impart the desired reciprocating motion, a pivotal tool-holder mounted independently and adjacent to the oscillating gear and provided with an extending-arm portion such holder being arranged to Vibrate acutter, and means for securing the vibratingeutter-holder portion to the gear portion whereby the desired proportional motions are given such parts, substantially as described.

2. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating slides having racks thereon and arranged to hold projecting cutter portions in line with their motion, an oscillating-gear portion mounted between the same and engaging with the racks on the slide to impart the desired reciprocatin g motion, a pivotal tool-holder mounted i11- dependently and adjacent to the oscillating gear and provided with an extending-arm portion such holder being arranged to vibrate a cutter at right angles to the movement of the slides, means for securing the vibrating-eutter-holder portion to the gear portion whereby the desired proportional movements are given to such parts, means for holding the material, means for adjusting the material to the desired position, and means for feeding the material-holder with the material into contact with the cutters, substantially as described.

3. In a machine of the class described, the combination of two reciprocating slides having racks thereon, cutter portions adjustably secured to the rack-slides, an oscillating-gear for adj ustably securing the vibrating cutterportion mounted between the racks and enholder to the gear portion so as to obtain vari 1o gaging with the same so as to impart the deable vibratory motions of the vibrating cutsired reciprocating motion to the slides, a pivter, substantially as. described.

50 tal t0o1-ho1der mounted independently'and I i WALTER BLACK.

adjacent to the oscillating gear and provided Witnesses:

with an extending-arm portion, such holder THOMAS F. SHERIDAN,

being arranged to vibratea cutter, and means JOHN BLACK. 

